Blood cancer is one of the categories of cancers that operate on the lymphatic system, bone marrow, and blood. These cancers often interfere with the normal production and function of blood cells in the body, which causes numerous other medical issues. The blog will discuss the three categories of blood cancer with their common symptoms and how they are diagnosed.
1. Leukaemia
Leukaemia represents a malignancy of the blood and bone marrow that results in an excessive number of abnormal white blood cells. There are a few subtypes. These include the rapidly progressive, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the myeloid cells-based acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) which most frequently occurs in the elderly, and Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) which is characterized by the overproduction of myeloid cells.
2. Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a type of lymphatic disease which can be categorised as
a. Hodgkin Lymphoma: This is generally associated with the Reed-Sternberg cells and often starts from the lymph nodes.
b. NHL, or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: This is a broad term for blood cancers that involve various forms of lymphocytes. There are several subtypes of NHL.
3. Myeloma
The cancer, known as multiple myeloma, arises from the white blood cells called plasma cells, which are involved in producing antibodies. This type of cancer can cause weak bones, immunological inadequacies, and organ damage.
Blood Cancer Symptoms
The symptoms of this disease vary among different patients depending upon the type of disease as well as the stage of the disease. Common symptoms and signs include the following:
1. Fatigue: Weakness or exhaustion that is not relieved by rest.
2. Frequent Infections: Due to a compromised immune system, an individual will easily be exposed to infections.
3. Unexplained Bruising or Bleeding: This disease can also lead to easy bruising, nosebleeds, or long-term bleeding from wounds.
4. Swollen Lymph Nodes: These may be present in the groin, armpits, or neck.
5. Weight Loss: The patient feels unnecessary hunger and weight loss.
6. Night sweats: Sweating at night without any reason.
7. Bone Pain: Pain in bones or joints that does not go away. This typically occurs in the back or ribs.
Blood Cancer Diagnosis
In general, there are several procedures for diagnosing blood cancer:
1. Physical examination and medical history
Apart from making a physical examination and checking the medical history of the patient, the doctor would look for evidence like the enlargement of the lymph nodes or unusual bruising.
2. Blood Test
At times complete blood counts, or CBCs, are also done in order to determine the levels of the different cells in the blood. These abnormal values can indicate blood cancer.
3. Bone Marrow Biopsy
The bone marrow biopsy involves the collection of a portion of the bone marrow to diagnose malignant cells. It is regarded as a definitive test for the diagnosis of myeloma and leukaemia.
4. Imaging Studies
CT, MRI, or PET scans may be ordered to ascertain the severity of the illness and check for any lymph node involvement.
5. Genomic Test
In some instances, certain genetic mutations that are associated with different types of blood cancer can direct treatment by certain genetic testing.
Conclusion
It is vital to learn the forms, symptoms, and techniques of diagnosis of blood cancer. Its requirement is high because early diagnosis can dramatically enhance a treatment outcome. It is therefore important to schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider for further evaluation if you or anyone else is showing alarming symptoms. For higher knowledge, increased awareness, early detection, and better patient outcomes, please contact My Care India, the top medical tourism company in India and be forever aided in the fight against blood cancer.
